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Cyanea asarifolia

H.St.John (1975)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Cyanea

hāhā [haha]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 0.3–1 m tall, with white, yellow, or tan latex.

Stems: Stems sparingly branched, unarmed, muricate, or aculeate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades cordiform, blades 8.5–10.5 cm long, 7–8 cm wide. Apex acute. Base cordate. Surfaces glabrous. Margins callose–crenulate. Petioles 12–15 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences 30–40–flowered, in axillary racemes, the rachis sometimes not expanded, the raceme thus appearing subumbellate, glabrous, peduncles 25–30 mm long, pedicels 7–10 mm long; hypanthium obconical, 7–8 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 5-lobed, lobes dentiform, 0.5–1 mm long, distinct or rarely connate, tube adnate to ovary. Corolla zygomorphic, white with purple longitudinal stripes, 20–22 mm long, 3–3.5 mm wide, glabrous or pubescent, rarely muricate, gently curved, dorsally cleft to about the middle, the lobes connate, spreading. Stamens 5, alternate with corolla lobes, connate; staminal column glabrous; anthers glabrous, all 5 with apical tufts of white hairs, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits, coherent but separating after anthesis or connate and forming a tube into which pollen is shed; filaments distinct or connate above, attached to the epigynous nectary disk or to base of corolla, rarely adnate to corolla tube. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; ovule placentation axile; stigma 2-lobed, wet or dry, appressed and nonreceptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out the pollen, after which the stigmas spread apart and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries dark purple; globose; ca. 1 cm long. Seeds numerous; small; brown to black; smooth; shiny; 0.2–0.5(–2) mm long; with a straight; short to spatulate dicotyledonous embryo embedded in oily endosperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Only known specimen collected on sheer rock cliff.

Elevation Range: ca. 330 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 88: 61 (1975)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:445 (K); Lammers 2004:99 (KEY)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros mixed wet lowland forest w/ riparian vegetation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 17318 Kauai PTBG 4/4/2017
2 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Low undisturbed wet forest of small, stunted trees and shrubs ( Metrosideros, Bobea, Perrotettia, etc.) PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 783 Kauai PTBG 5/7/1991
3 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Cultivated plant. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David Boucher s.n. Kauai PTBG 2/23/2011
4 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Cultivated. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 14390 Kauai PTBG 12/1/2010
5 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros lowland wet forest and shrubland surrounded by ca. 1000 m cliffs PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 17261 Kauai PTBG 2/21/2017
6 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Machaerina angustifolia ripariam lowland wet cliff. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 11834 Kauai PTBG 6/7/1991
7 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Low undisturbed wet forest of small, stunted trees & shrubs (Metrosideros, Bobea, Perrottetia, etc.) PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 6593 Kauai PTBG 8/23/1990
8 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Machaerina angustifolia cliffs. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 13077 Kauai PTBG 10/30/1992
9 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Low undisturbed wet forest of small, stunted trees & shrubs growing over saturated, rocky ground. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 1352 Kauai PTBG 11/4/1991
10 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood 14390 Kauai US 12/1/2010
11 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 184 MPM 4/14/1970
12 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Low undisturbed wet forest of small, stunted trees & shrubs (Metrosidero s, Bobea, Perrottetia, etc.) PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 1116 Kauai PTBG 8/6/1991
13 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Deep narrow valley surrounded by vertical cliffs laced with waterfalls; Low undisturbed wet forest of small, stunted trees and shrubs, (Metrosideros, Bobea, Perrottetia, etc.) with ground cover of Pteridophytes, Gunnera, Cyrtandra, and Cyanea, growing over saturated, rocky ground. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K.R. 1352 Kauai BISH 9/4/1931
14 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Small niches in cliff face near falls in Anahola stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 184 Kauai BISH 4/14/1970
15 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Deep narrow valley surrounded by vertical cliffs laced with waterfalls; Low undisturbed wet forest of small, stunted trees and shrubs, (Metrosideros, Bobea, Perrottetia, etc.) with ground cover of Pteridophytes, Gunnera, Cyrtandra, and Cyanea, growing over saturated, rocky ground. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. perlman, s. collector number: 1352 Kauai BISH 9/4/1931
16 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. Kauai BISH
17 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood & s. p. perlman 1352 F 11/4/1991
18 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood & S. P. Perlman 1352 F 11/4/1991
19 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros Lowland Wet Forest patches and Shrubland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 3469 Kauai PTBG 4/6/2013
20 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros wet cliff PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 24158 Kauai PTBG 9/30/2014
21 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Machaerina angustifolia ripariam lowland wet cliff. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 11841 Kauai PTBG 6/7/1991
22 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Cliffs and talus slopes. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 7271 Kauai PTBG 10/30/1992
23 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros mixed wet lowland forest w/ riparian vegetation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 17441 Kauai PTBG 6/22/2017
24 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros Lowland Wet Forest patches and Shrubland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 2992 Kauai PTBG 2/14/2012
25 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosideros wet cliff PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 24157 Kauai PTBG 9/30/2014
26 Cyanea asarifolia H.St.John Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Growing on wet wall in spray zone. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 2401 Kauai PTBG 9/26/2010
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